Legal issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Would you expect a stronger anti-union response from an employer in a manufacturing environment or a service environment Why free essay sample

I would expect a heavier enemy of association reaction from the assembling business for a wide assortment of reasons. Right off the bat, in light of the fact that because of the reality there is more market power in assembling giving associations more influence to correct requests from bosses. Furthermore, employments in administration businesses are by and large of a shorter term, so laborers exit their positions as often as possible so unionization is certifiably not a high need. The expense of work is likewise higher in administration occupations, so associations have less force. So basically, there will be a considerably more enemy of association reaction in the assembling business essentially on the grounds that assembling associations have significantly more force and influence contrasted with laborers in administration enterprises. Select an association with which you are natural, and talk about the conceivable dealing units that would be fitting for aggregate bartering in its structure. Because it just actually occurred, I picked MLB (Major League Baseball). Baseball players and proprietors consented to an arrangement for another work contract Tuesday, an arrangement that makes baseball the principal North American expert significant association to begin blood testing on human development hormone and grows the end of the season games to 10 groups. We will compose a custom paper test on OK expect a more grounded enemy of association reaction from a business in an assembling situation or a help domain? Why? or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The five-year bargain aggregate bartering understanding makes changes proprietors expectation will increment serious equalization by constraining huge market groups to get control over spending on novice draft picks and worldwide signings. Different features include: Players will be required to play in the All-Star Game except if harmed or pardoned, Instant replay will be extended to remember choices for foul lines and traps, subject to a concurrence with umpires, Players, chiefs and mentors may not utilize smokeless tobacco items during broadcast meets and may not convey them in their outfits, Players captured for DWI will be required to experience compulsory assessment, and Players will begin wearing improved batting head protectors made by Rawlings by 2013. Audit the contentions for and against the Employee Free Choice Act and the Obligatory Secret Ballot Protection Act. How might you vote? Give your reasons. The Employee Free Choice Act is a bit of enactment that would change government law so as to, as indicated by the bills creators; fortify the privileges of laborers to unionize. It endeavors to do as such by changing the system by which laborers unionize. Presently, association crusades must make sure about help from 30% of laborers in an organization through card-polling forms, which in this manner sends the battle into a mystery voting form political race. In the event that a larger part of laborers, at that point vote by mystery voting form to unionize, an association might be ensured by the National Labor Relations Board and built up . The Employee Free Choice Act means to change the law so an association can be made by a lion's share vote from the card-polling form process alone, maintaining a strategic distance from the second procedure of a mystery voting form political race. It additionally builds up more grounded punishments for infringement of representative rights when laborers look to frame an association and during first-contract exchanges and accommodates intervention and mediation for first-contract debates.

Amazon

Amazon © Shutterstock.com | Denys PrykhodovAn extremely important e-commerce channel, Amazon has unique features and benefits. In this article we will look at 1) what is Amazon,  2) how to sell successfully on Amazon,  3)  advantages and disadvantages of selling on Amazon,  and 4) Amazon success stories.WHAT IS AMAZON?The CompanyUnquestionably the biggest e-commerce platform in the world, Amazon is an internet giant with global presence and reach. The company began as an online seller of books but quickly adopted emerging trends and branched out into areas such as sales of entertainment media like DVDs, VHSs, CDs, online video and mp3 streaming and downloads, software and video games. It also expanded to begin selling electronics, clothing items, food, toys, children’s items, jewelry, and household items. A few years ago, the company diversified into the production of consumer electronics including the Kindle E-book reader, Kindle Fire Tablets, Fire TV and the Fire Phone. Recently, the c ompany has also started offering cloud computing services.The company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington in the United States. It began as the company Cadabra, incorporated by Jeff Bezos in 1994 and went online as Amazon.com in 1995. The company has individual retail websites for the US, France, Germany, the UK, Canada, Spain, Brazil, Italy, Australia, India, Mexico and China. There are plans to launch sites for Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Poland, Netherlands and Sweden. Some products can also be shipped to several other international locations.The Business ModelAmazon allows both individuals and businesses to sell their products through the website. The company offers the Seller Central website to manage all aspects of selling via the website. Through this website, a seller can add product information, add inventory and manage orders and payments. Sellers can chose to ship items themselves where certain Amazon.com shipping rates will apply based on the product category or they can chose to use Amazon to fulfill orders. In the second scenario, merchandise is stocked in Amazon fulfillment centers and are packed and shipped by Amazon for an additional charge. Amazon also provides customer service for these items.Selling CostsAmazon offers two selling plans to prospective sellers. There is a professional selling plan where a monthly subscription is charged in addition to a per item fee. There is also an individual plan for people selling less than 40 items per month where only per item fee is charged. The professional plan includes additional services such as top placement in product pages, ability to sell in more categories, customize shipping plans etc.If a seller chooses to use fulfillment by Amazon, additional fees will apply. All third parties can chose to sell as either individual or professional sellers.Inside Amazon: Secrets of an Online Mega-Giant HOW TO SELL SUCCESSFULLY ON  AMAZONImportant Things to Know Before Selling on Amazon.comWhere will prod ucts be listed? The main product page is always the lowest cost offer that is fulfilled by Amazon. Under the product’s name is an ‘offers’ link, where the rest of the product offerings will be listed.How will the order of the merchant offers list be determined? Some of the factors that determine this order include competitive pricing, the number of sellers, history as a seller with Amazon, and number of seller reviews.How can products be moved to the top of the list? The best way to move products up a list is to make sure that any items sold through Amazon are done so in a smooth and efficient way. Quicker than this method is to either sell a popular product at a lower price or sell a product with less competition to start building credibility as a seller.Who benefits the most from selling on Amazon.com? Certain types of sellers are more successful than others. These include those who sell unique items that they product themselves, those who sell niche items or things that app eal to hobbyists and those that sell refurbished or used items.Should products be associated with a product already listed? Amazon allows products to be listed only once so if a product is connected to an already listed item there is a higher chance it will be seen.Why can some shipping methods not be used at first? Sellers start off with some basic shipping methods and gradually earn the right to offer better shipping methods such as two day shipping when reliability has been established.How can seller reviews be increased? Reviews cannot be solicited in exchange for money or reward. If the customer is given a great experience from beginning to end, they will be more likely to leave a positive review on their own.Tips for Selling on AmazonCreating Successful Product PagesA vital step to creating a successful sales business on Amazon.com is to create easy to find and informative product pages. The key areas in this regard are:Create a Strong Headline: The first thing to do to create a successful and attractive product listing is to create a heading that gives all the necessary information without being full of spam. Items to be included include the brand and any highlighting features or special benefits. Don’t try to fill up with too many keywords as this can result in keyword spamming.Enter Keywords as other ‘Search Terms”: Any important keywords that do not make sense in the title can be entered here. Be sure not to repeat those that are already in the title.Search for Your Own Product: After creating listings, make sure you attempt to search for your own product. This is a good test because you will get an idea of how easy or difficult it is to locate. If you cannot manage to find it, it is a strong possibility that others won’t either. In this case you may need to go back and adjust the keywords. Just by searching as a buyer would, you begin to think as a buyer would and often that can help enhance listings.Enhancing SalesSelling on Amazon has its positives and negatives. There is enormous competition with hundreds of sellers vying for the same customers. But, there are also an estimated 90 million unique visitors to the site every month. According to amazon, new sellers in the marketplace can often see a 50-percent increase in total revenue once they start selling seriously on Amazon. Some tips to achieve this type of success are:Don’t be Afraid to Compete on Price: In the marketplace, one of the major aspects that create product differentiation is price. This is a basic fact and there are ways to use this to continue to be profitable. The seller should try to list items that have enough margin to absorb a lower price offer along with other selling costs.Get a Professional Seller Subscription: Though smaller sellers may want to start out on an individual plan, eventually it is a good idea to move to a pro plan. This offers less per listing charges and a monthly subscription instead. There are other benefits as well such as the ability to upload bulk listings, better reporting on sales, more selling options and the ability to add new and unique listings.Try to Sell a Unique Item: Through a pro plan, a seller has the ability to add new listings to Amazon that will have no competitors. Niche products also often have a specific market that makes these items easier to sell.Market to Amazon Customers: In the Amazon marketplace, a seller has the opportunity to market to the buyer and turn them into a repeat customer. This can be done by making special offers such as a discount on the next purchase or something similar.Common MistakesThere are some basic mistakes that even experienced sellers on Amazon.com make periodically. These includeFailure to Correctly Calculate Shipping Costs: Sellers have to offer shipping options according to Amazon’s criteria for different categories of products. These costs are almost never as low as Amazon estimates. Final amounts end up being higher and the cost has to be born e by the sellers. It is a good idea to add as much as between 50 to 100 percent of the quoted Amazon shipping cost to a seller’s own shipping cost to get an accurate estimate of expenses.Failure to Correctly Price Items: It is necessary to do a marketplace analysis of similar items and see how much they are being sold for. This helps correctly price an item so that it sells quickly. Many items are bundled into Amazon free shipping inside one package which is convenient for customers. To offset this, the item should be priced low enough to offer benefits without the Amazon shipping convenience. But make sure you factor in Amazon’s charges to know exactly how much you will get out of the transaction.Failure to Market Items: It is vital to market items strongly by added good quality images and strong descriptions. In the case of used items, be candid about any defects to avoid false expectations that could lead to returned items and poor reviews.Failure to Sell a Unique Item: If yo u have an item to sell that is not listed, this doesn’t mean that there is no demand for it. In fact it could be the opposite and you may be able to sell it to a niche user at a premium price.Failure to be Available to Ship: Items need to be shipped out quickly once an order is placed. If a seller expects to be unavailable to ship for a few days, then it is a good idea to take down the listing temporarily. Faster shipping leads to better ranking.Failure to Plan for Returns: In cases like software, it is difficult to offer returns. But telling a customer this can often lead to bad reviews and a fall in seller status. It is a good idea to plan for such an eventuality or sell these types of items without a return policy.Failure to Contest a Bad Review or Claim: If there is a bad review from a customer that is not justified, you can ask Amazon to remove it. You can also contest Amazon pointing you out for shipping close to deadline. Customers can be reminded to leave a positive review .Failure to Keep Track of Sales and Queries: It is vital to stay on top of sales and queries and responding to both fast. If an item is not shipped in time you may get a lower seller rating and if a potential customer is not satisfied they may move on or leave a bad review. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELLING ON AMAZONThere are many advantages and disadvantages of selling through Amazon.com. These include the following.Advantages of Selling on Amazon.comHigher Sales: Given the incredible scale of Amazon as a marketplace, there are more chances of selling more products at better prices. Sellers report an average of a 50 percent increase in sale on joining the Amazon marketplace.Better Access to Customers: A visitor to Amazon won’t be looking for your store. But they may be searching for your products. Access to these products may not be possible if not for the Amazon marketplace. Once you have a customer in the door, it is in your power to turn them into repeat customers by off ering a great product and great service.Marketplace Infrastructure: In physical markets, similar sellers often group together to benefit from numbers. Similarly, in the Amazon marketplace, buyers get a variety of options and a better shopping experience. Additionally, single stream checkout and support help create a smooth shopping experience.Disadvantages of Selling on Amazon.comAdditional Fees: Despite increased sales, there are also added costs of the marketplace. Most of these are deducted as a percentage of each item sold and may vary by category of items. This makes it necessary to understand and calculate margins to make sure you remain profitable.Marketplace Infrastructure: Both an advantage and a disadvantage, the marketplace is meant to showcase products, not sellers. This means that there is more need to differentiate but also more restrictions on how to do so.Inventory Sync: It is often a challenge to understand stock level and keep these reconciled. There may be manual work required despite the existence of applications to help do the same.                   AMAZON SUCCESS STORIESAngelynn’s Jewelry OrganizersLynn Williams had been selling her unique jewelry organizers with some success for a number of years. She questioned whether her business was big enough for Amazon, but feels that her decision to eventually sell on Amazon was a miraculous transformation for her product. Lynn came up with her idea back in 1991 but couldn’t get it off the ground till 2005. In 2008, she started selling on Amazon. This is the point where the business took off. Sales steadily increased and now 98 percent of her business is through Amazon.She began by working 80 to 120 hours a week and handling all shipping from her home. She eventually moved to the fulfillment by Amazon model despite reservations about maintaining her profitability. She moved her lower priced items to this model and saw an increase in shipping because of additional Amazon benefits such as free shipping and Amazon Prime. She eventually moved all items to this mode and now runs a streamlined operation with reduced workload for herself.Her product remains admired and respected and she manages to maintain a five star rating. She sells to high end clients, often celebrities but also to places like college dorms and to clients worldwide. This range of customers is possible only through a platform such as Amazon, because people are familiar with it and trust it to be reliable and secure.Bakto FlavorsA scientist by profession, Daphna Haykin-Frenkel creates and sells natural vanilla products and through Amazon, has managed to reach clients worldwide. Passionate about her work, Daphna has spent years researching her product. She felt that the hardest part of her endeavor was to find the right clients. Once she decided to start selling through Amazon, this aspect became simple and streamlined.The business began by selling vanilla flavor, beans and sugar. They have since expanded in to 40 natural flavors and gourmet spices. Though the company still sells through their physical store in New York City as well as their own website, Amazon remains their biggest sales channel. The ease or order procession and excellent customer treatment by Amazon are two major reasons for their preference for selling here.

Realities Two Way Street - 1112 Words

Realities Two-Way Street Ignorance is bliss. This phrase, however comforting, is a provocative statement to the debilitating state of society and the human state of mind; the dual-edged comment is represented in both Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and the Wachoski brother’s The Matrix through universes, similar to our own, where people are in strong states of illusion and ignorance. Both have a character, which is brought to the â€Å"light† to realize this false reality and to liberate everyone else to a better reality, the â€Å"real† reality. Situations can arise where having knowledge of it can seem detrimental, however, our very existence as human beings is to live a life of bettering ourselves and the species in general through knowledge both†¦show more content†¦The matrix is a simulated world that tells a person how to feel, what he sees, tastes and will never know it is not his conscious decision. Mouse: Do you know what it really reminds m e of? Tasty Wheat. Did you ever eat Tasty Wheat? Switch: No, but technically, neither did you. Mouse: Thats exactly my point. Exactly. Because you have to wonder: how do the machines know what Tasty Wheat tasted like? Maybe they got it wrong. Maybe what I think Tasty Wheat tasted like actually tasted like oatmeal, or tuna fish. That makes you wonder about a lot of things. You take chicken, for example: maybe they couldnt figure out what to make chicken taste like, which is why chicken tastes like everything. Being in real world first hand lets a person decide what they experience through his own senses as opposed to a machine which has an idea what could be experienced. In contemporary times illusions that distract from reality are far from gone. Something like Facebook, which causes a disconnect from the physical presence of human interaction is a growing issue. People could spend hours looking up things about other people rather than personally knowing them and learning about him or her and in turn ruin the psychological sociological aspect that humans are social creatures that need interactions, which Facebook affects. Another would be is FarmVille, part ofShow MoreRelatedJames Joyce - Araby Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent person. He faces up the harsh reality for which his previous experience has not prepared him. The story shows how the impact of the neighborhood and culture of Dublin influenced the boy’s life ideas, and how the circumstances the boy had to face up with made the him revalue his attitude towards his life. The story opens with a description of North Richmond Street: â€Å"North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street ... An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detachedRead MoreCompare the Theatrical Techniques and Staging in Act One of Oleanna and Street Car Named Desire799 Words   |  4 PagesCompare the theatrical techniques and staging in act one of Oleanna and Street Car Named Desire The two plays Street car named desire and Oleanna are very different plays in their use of theatrical devices. Tennesse Williams’ play Street Car Named Desire gives us a long description of the New Orleans world its based in. Describing the flats with the name â€Å"elysan fields† relating the to heaven despite the appearance of the street that seems â€Å"falling apart at the fabric of the seems†, the colour ofRead MoreHow Tv Makes You Smarter1532 Words   |  7 Pagesworld turn on their television each night and watch a few moments to a few hours of television and it is hard to miss a reality show which on almost any channel. If they were to pause on one of these shows they might not know it but they would bettering themselves on a personal level. Based on the ideas of Steven Johnson the average person could learn a thing or two from reality TV. In his article called, â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter† Johnson states that; For decades, weve worked under the assumptionRead MoreSonnys Blues1061 Words   |  5 Pagesillustrates the painful nature of reality the two characters face as well as the power gained through it. The darkness represents the actuality of life on the streets of the community of Harlem, where there is little escape from the reality of drugs and crime. The persistent nature of the streets lures adolescents to use drugs as a means of escaping the darkness of their lives. The main character, Sonny, a struggling jazz musician, finds himself addicted to heroin as a way of unleashing the creativityRead MoreTangerine And The Establishment Of Physical Existence Theory1497 Words   |  6 PagesEstablishment of Physical Existence Theory Film exists in layers of physical existence and reality. You have the layer the audience views of the film’s world - setting, characters, and plot - and then you have the layer the film production workers view of the film’s world - actors, the set, and the story. Like photography, film is able to establish a physical existence. However, unlike photography, film uses two very unique and different techniques in order to establish its physical existence. AccordingRead MoreHow Does Williams Present the Themes of Illusion and Fantasy in a Streetcar Named Desire?899 Words   |  4 PagesHow does Williams present the themes of illusion and fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire? The theme of reality vs. fantasy is one that the play centres around. Blanche dwells in illusion; fantasy is her primary means of self-defence, both against outside threats and against her own demons. Throughout the play, Blanches dependence on illusion is contrasted with Stanleys steadfast realism, and in the end it is Stanley and his worldview that win. To survive, Stella must also resort to a kind ofRead MoreDisney Is A Utopian Society1333 Words   |  6 Pagestheme park; it is portrayed as a â€Å"world† or â€Å"land† of acceptance and integration of all cultures into one place. The universality aspect is what draws people in from different countries to visit the parks. Ultimately, the Disney parks are based off of two key concepts: commoditization and Americanization. Since Disney is an imagined utopia, guests buy into, literally and figuratively, the commodities and experiences it offers. Through music and visuals, Disney intertwines a message of Americanization Read MoreSocial Determinism And Its Power Over People s Perception Of The Truth1365 Words   |  6 Pagesa moral in a story. By the same token, in Malcom Gladwell’s â€Å"Power of Context† and Karen Ho’s â€Å"Biographies of Hegemony,† the two authors explain the ideology of social determinism and its power over people’s perception of the truth. The power of inducements play a big role in the way people are able to understand reality. The complexity of the truth can often alter the way people perceive things because there are so many different meanings that people interpret from the context of stories and situationsRead MoreTrying to Find Chinatown808 Words   |  4 Pages Ramsey   1    Valeriya Ramsey February 8, 2014 Reality and Appearance of David Hwang’s â€Å"Trying to Find Chinatown† This play was written by Chinese-American in 1996, to show two extreme sides of one background. The theme of the play is a reality and appearance of two people that are so similar but yet so different. Stereotype is definitely stands out by David Hwang’s style, symbols, setting and tone of voice. There are two subjects in the play. First is Ronnie who is an Asian- AmericanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Sonny s Blues By James Baldwin1481 Words   |  6 PagesBaldwin, we learn of two brothers and their lives growing up in Harlem. The narrator, who is the older brother in the story, narrates the trials and tribulations he and his younger brother (Sonny) had to endure growing up in such a harsh environment in Harlem (due to the drugs, violence, and Black s being looked down upon in general in the mid-1950s). We start in the future (present), with the narrator having a somewhat successful future being a teacher and having a wife and two kids (with one of them

Criticism on George Orwells 1984 - 869 Words

Sydney Muscat Mrs. Kimber ENG 4U 6 May 2013 The Madness of the Last Man Madness is a label created by society in order to imprison its dreamers. It is often usual to lock up critics of cruel commands, because creative people can be dangerous to totalitarian control. The critical essay â€Å"George Orwell and the Mad World: The Anti-Universe of 1984† by Ralph A. Ranald discusses the theme of controlled madness and of a reverse society in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four. Ranald argues that Nineteen Eighty-Four is about â€Å"†¦religion reversed, law and government reversed, and above all, language reversed: not simply corrupted, but reversed† (Ranald 251). He refers to Winston as an â€Å"antihero† (Ranald 250), and â€Å"implies the†¦show more content†¦It is the huge role of communication that keeps people like Winston afraid of Big Brother, and furthers the plot of the novel. Despite the hurt between most relationships throughout Nineteen Eighty-Four, to say that â€Å"all human relationships are based on pain† (Ranald 251) in the novel is false. Although I would agree that the O’Brian-Winston interactions would categorize under pain, the Winston-Julia relationship is about desire. Ranald fails to see that not all â€Å"human beings communicate†¦ by inflicting pain on each other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ranald 252) Winston’s love for Julia is what kept him alive for so long, for at â€Å"the sight of the words I love you the desire to stay alive had welled up in him, and the taking of minor risks suddenly seemed stupid (Orwell 115).This quote proves that not all relationships are based on pain, only manipulated that way to make people afraid of defying the party. By showing the â€Å"†¦ simple undifferentiated desire: that was the force that would tear the Party to pieces (Orwell 132), stopping the power of Big Brother. Ranald’s views on Winston’s character are inaccurate and weak because it portrays Winston as an â€Å"antihero† (Ranald 250), â€Å"passive and not self-aware† (Ranald 253), when actually his character representsShow MoreRelatedFrancess Kargbo. Mr. Bond-Theriault. 2Nd Period. 22 March1623 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 2017 1984 By: George Orwell From a new historicism , and psychoanalytic criticism view. â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† As the future nears, most of humanity is starting to realize that â€Å"2+2=5†(. There is manipulation that occurs constructed by the government to control every aspect of reality, technology taking human jobs, those who control the present write history, social hierarchy, and wars that have no purpose. 1984 by Eric Arthur Blair is known by his pen name, George Orwell may notRead MoreThe Literary Impact Of George Orwell . George Orwell, Born1375 Words   |  6 Pages The Literary Impact of George Orwell George Orwell, born as Eric Arthur Blair, was a British journalist and author. His works were compelling, especially, when it comes to his strong political beliefs. He is considered one of the most widely admired English-language essayists of the twentieth century. As Elkins points out, he is best known for the two novels that were written toward the end of his life: the anti-utopian political allegory Animal Farm and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-FourRead More1984 Dystopian Society Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesand behave the same. George Orwell created a dystopian society, Oceania, where the government was controlled by Big Brother. Winston Smith, the main character, slowly realized that the Party, or the government, was manipulating their society to make the Party immortal. Winston presumably wanted to stand up for his beliefs, without facing any consequences for going against the Party. By writing 1984, Orwell warns people of the dangers that totalitarianism places on society. 1984 reflects its historicalRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis on Nineteen Eighty-Four1044 Words   |  5 PagesEIGHTY-FOUR Nineteen Eighty Four: A Critical Essay on Rhetoric Bereket Kifle Composition 12 Honors Abstract George Orwell employs the usage of different rhetoric throughout 1984.  Ã‚  The rhetoric differs from describing the human body and its struggle to survive to the different crimes and how the citizens felt about them.  Ã‚  Also, within  1984  lies a warning from Orwell: to eliminate the caustic consequences of a communist government.  Ã‚  While Orwell served as part of the IndianRead MoreCensorship In 1984 By George Orwell717 Words   |  3 PagesThesis Statement: 1984 is a well-written cautionary tale that is perfectly applicable to today’s political climate and other current events. This is shown through George Orwell’s intuitive predictions of the use of censorship, his discussion of the perception and nature of reality, and his timeless depiction of a too-real society. 1984 contains an intuitive look at the role censorship plays in the lives of human beings. One way this plays a main part in his novel is through government use of technologyRead MoreSymbolism In 1984 By George Orwell1136 Words   |  5 Pages2003 single, â€Å"2+2=5† refer to both 1984 by George Orwell and the administration of President George W. Bush. In the three distinct sections of the song, we hear about a character who chooses to live in ignorance, then becomes aware of the evils of his society. In the final segment of the song, the character struggles after learning about the truth, much like Winston Smith did in Orwell’s novel. The music was written and released during the presidency of George W. Bush, whose public reputation hadRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841377 Words   |  6 Pagesover every aspect of their lives. George Orwell’s â€Å"1984,† conveys to its readers how the government presented totalitarianism and obtained cont rol over their citizens. This action by the government compares to the massacre of the Holocaust, which portrayed the act of totalitarianism by aiming discrimination towards one specific group who were under the leader’s total control, and additionally associates with the U.S, which the Soviet say is a reality of Orwell’s totalitarian vision. The totalitarianRead MoreEssay on 1984: A Prophesy for the Future?1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel 1984 is a story about a future civilization that is ruled by a totalitarian government. When the book was published in 1949 the thoughts and ideas seemed to be a prophesy for the future. A totalitarian government is one of the strictest forms of government with the least amount of freedom for the people. A totalitarian government is a mix of the military, individual leadership and the national political party. Usually the leader is a person who has a kind of charisma that makes his authorityRead MoreVictory or Demise, Same Faces in a New Light1520 Words   |  7 Pagesof others and venomous influence of greed is a common threat, shattering bonds between others. The good of others and greed tends to blind a person, weakening the connection between people, killing off trust, nobility, and shared bonds. In George Orwells 1984, love, friendship, and loyalty are crushed by the hands of an oppressive government and trust is scarce. A totalitarian government is threatened and helped by individuals, however, one thing is common, the obligation to love of the authorityRead MoreAnalysis Of Dystopian Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesseem more ominous. One of the most fam ous dystopian novels that contains such devices is 1984 by George Orwell. It is a story set in a fascist political setting where the main character Winston Smith rebelled against the surveilling Party and ended up being detained for the purpose of brainwashing him into developing a fondness for the government. George Orwell demonstrated the dystopian genre in his novel 1984 through the use of haunting atmosphere, fear motif, and personification of Big Brother because

Ubiquitous Media Systems In Business Organizations †Free Samples

Question: How Ubiquitous Media Systems Are Used In Business Organizations? Answer: Introduction To start with, ubiquitous computing is basically an established concept in computer science as well as software engineering, which is generally adopted for making computing prevalent everywhere and everytime (Bell and Dourish, 2007). In contrast to desktop computing, this particular computing typically holds the ability of being utilized in any format, through any device as well as in any region. This approach makes possible for several different users to easily interrelate with computer, which essentially prevails in different forms such as laptop computer and tablets(Akesson Eriksson, 2007). Additionally, the technology also enables the user for interacting with computer by way of terminals, which are present within objects such as a pair of glasses or a fridge. Progressive middleware, latest materials, mobile protocols, new I/O, operating systems, sensors, internet, mobile codes, networks along with microprocessors are few among the fundamental techniques, which are frequently us ed for supporting ubiquitous computing. Taking into consideration the above discussion this particular research attempts to examine how ubiquitous media systems are used in business organizations. Project Objective The chief objective of this research project is chiefly to examine how ubiquitous media systems are used in business organizations. Project Scope The concept of ubiquitous computing has been stated in wide-ranging research subjects worldwide. Few of the research areas are artificial intelligence, human computer interaction, distributed computing, mobile networking, location computing and context-aware computing. The majority of the present-day human-computer interface frameworks, whether command-line driven, GUI-based or menu-driven as per several researchers, are essentially insufficient as well as unsuitable in case of ubiquitous media(Cope Kalantzis, 2010). Moreover, this statement basically implies towards the actuality that currently, there exists no any suitable natural contact model, which has been revealed and would sufficiently function like a ubiquitous computing system (Bell and Dourish, 2007). Nevertheless, one could not overlook the actuality that we all live within an ubicomp sphere in several different manners. Few facts, which assist this notion, take in interactive whiteboards, GPS, digital audio players, mob ile phones and lastly, radio-frequency identification. The application of ubiquitous media within companies has been greatly illustrated through a number of researchers. Several research studies performed related to such types of media have failed to highlight several important points. These can prove to be the likely gaps, which form the main grounds of this particular research, taking in the fact that the studies havent highlighted specific processes or measures around which the precise returns on investments could be equated over one means to other in comparison to the traditional techniques. Taking into consideration the above discussion, this particular research attempts to examine how ubiquitous media systems are used in business organizations. Literature Review To start with, ubiquitous computing is basically an established concept in computer science as well as software engineering, which is generally adopted for making computing prevalent everywhere and everytime. In contrast to desktop computing, this particular computing typically holds the ability of being utilized in any format, through any device as well as in any region. This approach makes possible for several different users to easily interrelate with computer, which essentially prevails in different forms such as laptop computer and tablets(Akesson Eriksson, 2007). Additionally, the technology also enables the user for interacting with computer by way of terminals, which are present within objects such as a pair of glasses or a fridge. Progressive middleware, latest materials, mobile protocols, new I/O, operating systems, sensors, internet, mobile codes, networks along with microprocessors are few among the fundamental techniques, which are frequently used for supporting ubiquit ous computing. The application of ubiquitous media within companies has been greatly illustrated through a number of researchers. Several research studies performed related to such types of media have failed to highlight several important points (Bell and Dourish, 2007). These can prove to be the likely gaps, which form the main grounds of this particular research, taking in the fact that the studies havent highlighted specific processes or measures around which the precise returns on investments could be equated over one means to other in comparison to the traditional techniques. The security and privacy of corporate information hasnt been guaranteed because of illegal admittance and attack through computer viruses. The majority of authors have not mentioned anything associated with data safety both offline as well as online. High fight for space within the marketplace has augmented overall adverts in social media platform and the users have several choices to make use of. The researchers havent mentioned anything related to how the application of such media systems could improve customers retention without unavoidably harassing them, in spite of their services and products being well-known. An alternative to saving time without necessarily interfering with the running of systems has not been mentioned either by the authors hence a potential gap; the future of use of ubiquitous media in business management and its relation to contribution towards achievement of vision 2030 has not been mentioned or foreshadowed hence can also be an opportunity for research (Bell and Dourish, 2007). The effect of using these media systems in businesses, managing of data, employee performance and the retrenchment in relation to organizational culture has also not been mentioned. These ubiquitous media systems have to be incorporated/ intergraded in the initial running of the business for compatibility and improved innovation which will result in enhanced productivity. The levels of integration vary differently according to (Roussos, 2006). Some of these levels include; informational system integration which involves; directional integration, electronic/ data, physical/ temporal, semantic/ contextual and many others(Schoch Strassner, 2002). The other is Enterprise level of integrations which involves; system specifications, system user, global integration, organizational integration and many others. The use of these media systems shares a vision of inexpensive, robust, small networked processing devices in their operations (Safko, 2010). The use of ubiquitous media in business is also referred to as U-Commerce by means of information and communication technology. Research Questions/Hypothesis Primary Question How ubiquitous media systems are used in business organizations? Secondary Questions What are the privacy issues in the use of ubiquitous computing What is the use of ubiquitous media in business Research Design and Methodology The research methodology could be largely split into two categories namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. A number of studies have established that both the research techniques are significant in nature (Punch, 2005). Nevertheless, the approach of qualitative research lays focus upon collecting subjective data whereas the quantitative data lays focus upon digits as well as numbers. Taking into consideration this particular research it has been decided that the research would be a mix of both quantitative and qualitative methods. However, more focus would be laid upon quantitative. The research would involve be based upon both primary and secondary facts, First of all, the primary data would be collected through way of interviews conducted among the employees of the chosen MNC. Secondly, the secondary data would be collected from different sources such as texts, journals, online sources, past research studies and books. Qualitative research The qualitative research would involve interviewing the sample size of around 10 individuals belonging to the concerned department of the chosen company. The interview questions would be set in a manner that they help in gathering maximum information and perceptions of the individuals involved. Quantitative research The quantitative research would involve distributing questionnaire among the sample size of around 50 individuals belonging to the concerned department of the chosen company. The survey questions would be set in a manner that they help in gathering maximum information and perceptions of the individuals involved. Research Limitations Like every research this research also involves few limitations. These include: Firstly, the research is chiefly based upon quantitative research considering the short time-period of the study. However, effort should have been made to focus more upon qualitative research as it helps in better understanding the perceptions and views. Secondly, the research is solely focussed upon one particular company. Thus, there would be limited findings. Thus, efforts should be made to conduct further research by considering two or more companies and making comparison between them. Time Schedule (Research plan) Blaxter et. al. (2006) holds the view that the formation and management of a research plan that completely highlights the all-inclusive process scope in contrast to a practical timescale is vital for the development of a sound control for a project or activity. Likewise, this particular research study aims to examine how ubiquitous media systems are used in business organizations across a time-period of around 12 weeks i.e. 3 months. Every week is linked to a diverse activity as well as the table below highlights that in great details: Conclusion To conclude, it can be clearly stated from the above discussion that this particular research study attempts to examine how ubiquitous media systems are used in business organizations. The application of ubiquitous media within companies has been greatly illustrated through a number of researchers. Several research studies performed related to such types of media have failed to highlight several important points. These can prove to be the likely gaps, which form the main grounds of this particular research, taking in the fact that the studies havent highlighted specific processes or measures around which the precise returns on investments could be equated over one means to other in comparison to the traditional techniques. References: Blaxter, L., Hughes, C. and Malcolm, T., 2006. How To Research. Berkshire: Open University Press kesson, M. and Eriksson, C., 2007. The vision of ubiquitous media services: how close are we?.Human Interface and the Management of Information. Interacting in Information Environments, pp.222-232. Bell, G. and Dourish, P., 2007. Yesterdays tomorrows: notes on ubiquitous computings dominant vision.Personal and ubiquitous computing,11(2), pp.133-143. Cope, B. and Kalantzis, M. eds., 2010.Ubiquitous learning. University of Illinois press. Croteau, D. and Hoynes, W., 2006.The business of media: Corporate media and the public interest. Pine forge press. Punch, M., 2005. Introduction To Social Research: Qualitative And Quantitative Approaches. London: Sage Roussos, G. ed., 2006.Ubiquitous and pervasive commerce: New frontiers for electronic business. Springer Science Business Media. Safko, L., 2010.The social media bible: tactics, tools, and strategies for business success. John Wiley Sons. Schoch, T. and Strassner, M., 2002. Today's impact of ubiquitous computing on business processes.

Virgil’s Prevailing Hero free essay sample

The heroic characteristics introduced in Virgil’s Aeneid are different in comparison to the Homeric epic characteristics. Unlike Homeric epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, Virgil depicts Aeneas, the Aeneid epic hero, in a modern way, making Aeneas more relatable and better understood by the audience. The three major differences between Virgil’s epic hero, Aeneas, and Homer’s epic heroes, Achilleus and Odysseus, from the Iliad and the Odyssey are the use of inner struggles within the epic hero, the compassion towards personal relationships, and situational self-awareness with oneself and ones fate with the Gods. In the introduction of the epic hero, Virgil stage sets Aeneas in the middle of a storm at sea, created by Juno with the intention of killing Aeneas and his Trojan men. With the rage of the winds and waves destroying seven of the twenty ships, Aeneas expresses a sense of inner struggle through the quote, â€Å"Aeneas on the instant felt his knees go numb and slack, and stretched both hands to heaven, groaning out: Triply lucky, all you men to whom death came before your fathers’ eyes below the wall at Troy! Bravest Danaan, Diomedes, why could I not go down when you had wounded me, and lose my life on Ilium’s battlefield? † (Aeneid I. We will write a custom essay sample on Virgil’s Prevailing Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 131-140). From first impression, Aeneas is not considered the conventional epic hero in contrast to the epic heroes depicted through Homeric epics; as one would not recollect Achilleus or Odysseus begging for the oncoming of death due to fear. In the introduction to the Iliad and the Odyssey, both classic heroes are portrayed with an outward appearance of strength and pride, showing no fear against enemies or monsters; they were primarily focused with conquering their external battles. Unlike Aeneas, Achilleus and Odysseus by no means let their terror over-power their mentality. Secondly, Aeneas has a trait of heroism that is absent within Homeric epics, which is having compassion towards his personal relationships. Aeneas has developed a deep love and devotion towards his father, son, wife, and lover. However, he is mainly focused on his duty to fulfill his destiny to the Gods; Aeneas was aware of the consequences of his actions towards his loved ones and felt remorse for the grief he had caused. An example of his remorse is through Aeneas’s descent into Hades to retrieve advice from his father, Anchises, he recognizes a shade of Dido, that confirmed what Aeneas had feared would happen after his departure from his former lover, â€Å"He wept and spoke tenderly to her: ‘Dido, so forlorn, the story then that came to me was true, that you were out of life, had met your end by your own hand. Was I, was I the cause? I swear by heaven’s stars, by the high gods, by any certainty below the earth, I left your land against my will, my queen. (Aeneid VI. 610-620). In Homer’s Iliad, epic hero, Achilleus, is callous and arrogant but he expresses fondness for his dear friend, Patroclus, when he is murdered by Hektor. Achilleus mourns the death of his friend by translating this emotion into rage and revenge. Although Achilleus has a compassionate connection towards Patroclus, he lashed out with anger instead of expressing remorse from the loss of his friend. Finally, none of the Homeric heroes seem to posses the same ability to develop self-awareness and acceptance to fate from the Gods as Aeneas did in the Aeneid. Piety, being defined as the obedience to the will of the gods, is a key element into understanding Aeneas’ motives for continuing his journey to discover the land which will become Rome. An example of Aeneas understanding his path in following his fate is through the end of the text when Aeneas is deciding the spare Turnus’ life. However, he notices the belt of Pallas and kills Turnus without hesitation. The killing of Turnus is the result of his fate and proof that his destiny cannot be hindered by his enemy, Turnus, and is convinced that he had fulfilled the destiny that had been prophesized. In Homer’s Iliad, Achilleus ignores the fate of the Gods and does what he feels is more acceptable towards himself and his pride. An example of this, is at the end of the text, Achilleus defies the Gods and murders Hektor with the knowledge that if he should do so he in turn would be slain. Overall, the decisions of the Gods played a large role in the choices Aeneas made throughout his journey. In conclusion, the depiction of an epic hero is either defined by whether they are being strong and weak. To me, this makes the heroes more relatable to real- modern characters. The different character developments of classic heroes between Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey give an implication of character growth throughout Virgil’s epic. Witnessing the inner conflict struggles Aeneas undergoes and his discovery of his fate, gives a feeling of understanding towards the epic character as he finds himself as a hero and a leader of his people.

Future of Business under Bush essays

Future of Business under Bush essays President George W. Bush has announced a 6-point agenda for stimulating the US economy that he plans to implement, if re-elected. The plan would help businesses as follows: The cornerstone of President Bush's economic plan is his proposal for eliminating double taxation on corporate dividends carrying a price tage of $ 370 billion over the next 10 years. At present, the IRS taxes a company's profits and then taxes investors who receive the profits as dividends as well. The measure is likely to benefit entrepreneurs and businesses that pay dividend income, and seeks to strengthen businesses in the long-term that choose to distribute capital to their investors by means of dividends. (Jones, 2003) Current tax laws permit small businesses to write off up to $25,000 worth of equipment purchases as expenses. The President's plan would increase that limit to $75,000 and index it to inflation - encouraging small businesses to buy technology, machinery, and other equipment needed for Small businesses would be allowed to join together to purchase health coverage for workers at lower rates, resulting in lower health care costs. Measures are planned to reduce mass tort lawsuits against businesses and health care workers and insurance companies that drive up costs of doing business. ("President Bush's Six-point Plan, 2003") Another Bush proposal relating to businesses is a comprehensive national energy plan focusing on upgrading the nation's electrical grid, promoting energy efficiency, and increasing domestic energy production. (Ibid.) ...

How Long Are the SAT Subject Tests

How Long Are the SAT Subject Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT subject tests are all one hour in length and are all multiple choice. However, they differ in features, format, and the time pressure you will feel depending on where your academic strengths and weaknesses lie. Let's discuss the differences among the subject tests and how you can beat the time pressure. First, let's consider the unique features of the test. Unique Features There are 21 different subject tests (I'm counting Biology E and Biology M as two separate tests). Of these tests, the language, biology, math, and chemistry tests have some special features, as explained below. Language Subject Tests Some language tests include a Listening component. Listening tests are always given in the first hour on test day, so you can only take one Listening test per test date. French, German, and Spanish have non-Listening and Listening options. Chinese, Korean, and Japanese can only be taken as Listening tests. Language Subject Tests are also the only Subject Tests with four answer choices per question. All other Subject Tests have five answer choices per question. Biology Subject Tests If you choose to take the Biology subject test, you have the option of Biology E or Biology M. While they share 60 core questions, each has an additional 20 questions with an ecological or a molecular focus. Learn more about which concentration makes sense for you by taking a look at some practice questions. Math Subject Test There are two math subject tests, Level 1 and Level 2. Level 1 requires two years of algebra and one year of geometry. Level 2 requires the same plus some understanding of trigonometry and pre-calculus. Level 2 also requires more extensive use of (and comfort with) a graphing calculator. Chemistry Subject Tests The chemistry test has a separate section on the bubble sheet for you to answer 5 special questions. These questions will ask you to compare two statements by balancing equations or making predictions about chemical reactions. The other tests are relatively straightforward in their format. Since all of them are one hour, a better question than, "How long are SAT subject tests?" would be "How many questions are on SAT subject tests?" This is where the answer gets a little more complicated. How Many Questions Are On Each Subject Test? Subject # of questions Literature ~60 US History 90 World History 95 Math Level 12 50 Bio E/M 80 Chemistry 85 Physics 75 French and German 85 (~85 with listening, 35% are listening) Spanish 85 (~85 with listening, 40% are listening Hebrew 85 Italian 80-85 Latin 70-75 Chinese with Listening 85 (33% are Listening) Japanese and Korean with Listening 80 (35% are listening) There isn't a huge amount of variation in the number of questions per SAT subject test time- the Literature test is the one that stands out as having significantly fewer questions. Don't assume this means it's easier, though! The Literature test involves close reading of passages, which takes up some of your valuable 60 minutes of test-taking. Now that you know how many questions are on each test, how can you use this information to maximize your time management under these strictly timed conditions? Tips on Timing Time Yourself When You Prep As you can see in the above chart, almost all of the tests have more questions than minutes. This means you are expected to spend less than a minute on each question. The best way to master the material and perfect your pacing is to practice under simulated timed conditions. Sit down for exactly one hour with a practice test, and don't give yourself extra time. Record how you do and see if you can beat your score each time you practice. You'll almost certainly see improvement as you get more familiar with the test. Use Questions From Real Tests College Board offers useful practice material here. You can learn about the content of each individual test and practice with questions taken from real tests administered in the past. Using high quality, relevant prep materials is the only way to prep effectively for the real thing. Move Quickly and Efficiently The strict timing of these tests allows no room for lengthy consideration or debate. If a question completely stumps you, don't waste valuable time on it. Mark it, skip it, and come back to it at the end with fresh eyes, or simply to make a guess and fill in a letter on the bubble sheet. You might get lucky and get the point! If you're skipping questions, leave a small amount of time at the end to revisit them or fill in the bubble sheet with guesses. Understand Your Ideal Testing Style Will taking three tests in one morning energize or exhaust you? Will you be able to focus on two or three subjects in one sitting, or will fatigue prevent you from performing well? The subject tests start between 8:30 and 9:00 in the morning. You'll get a five minute break between each test. Some students get an adrenaline rush jumping from one subject test to another. Others might have trouble shifting gears between subjects. Again, practicing under simulated conditions may help you figure out your testing style and whether you should take several subject tests on one date or space them out. Not only will timing yourself help create the conditions of the real test, but finding friends and peers to practice with will also resemble the experience of testing beside others. Guessing Strategies for SAT Subject Tests Unlike the general SAT, for SAT Subject Tests you lose a fraction of a point for each question you answer incorrectly. Here's how scoring works for Subject Tests (all the Subject Tests except the foreign language tests have five answer choices. Foreign languages tests have four answer choices): You get 1 point for each correct answer. A fraction of a point is subtracted for wrong answers: 1/4 point is subtracted for five-choice questions. 1/3 point is subtracted for four-choice questions. 1/2 point is subtracted for three-choice questions. No points are deducted for questions left blank. If your final score is a fraction, it's rounded to the nearest whole number - 1/2 or more is rounded up; less than 1/2 is rounded down. What does this mean for you? Too many random guesses could bring down your score, so you have to be smart on when to guess on a question (and risk a point deduction) and when to leave a question blank (with no change of getting it right). Here are some strategies to follow: If You Can't Eliminate Any Answer Choices If you're really stumped on a multiple-choice question and can't eliminate any of the options, don’t guess yet. Skip the question for now and return to it after you've finished the rest of the exam. What if you still can’t eliminate any answer choices? Then leave the question blank. Don’t blindly guess without eliminating any answers. Without eliminating any of your answer choices, you have a high chance of losing points by choosing the wrong answer. Here's the math: on a question with five answer choices, you have a 20% chance of selecting the right answer by guessing blindly. If you guess on five questions, odds are you will get four questions wrong and one right, or zero points total! This is why there is a wrong answer penalty on SAT Subject Tests it makes blind guessing pointless (literally). But because of how randomness works, you might end up guessing incorrectly on more questions than expectedmbsp;leaving you with a net negative number of points. If You Can Eliminate Only One Answer Choice It may make sense to guess here. Cross off the answer choice that you know is incorrect, and take a look at the rest of the answer choices to see if you can narrow down your options further. In this situation, you'll likely gain more points than you lose by guessing. If you guess randomly on 16 questions where you can eliminate one answer choice for each (with five answer choices to start), you will gain a full point on average (4 - (.25 x 12) = 1). It's not huge, but compared with leaving all those questions blank and getting nothing, that’s a pretty good deal. But remember, this advice assumes purely random guessing, which is rare. A certain answer might be appealing to you for whatever reason, so you will go for that choice instead of taking a truly random guess. Test makers often try to make incorrect answers look more appealing so students are more likely to get tricked and choose them. When taking these factors into account, your chance of guessing correctly after eliminating one answer choice is actually less than 25 percent. In the example above, if you were to get even three questions right rather than four and 13 wrong rather than 12 you would be losing a quarter of a point (3 - (.25 x 13) = -0.25). If you do decide to guess in this situation, pick an answer as much at random as possible, rather than getting mired in the wording of each choice. For example, you may choose to always "A" on questions you're guessing on (unless that's the choice you've eliminated) to make your guesses as random as possible. If You Can Eliminate Two or More Answer Choices Now we’re talking! Even with the tricky wording of SAT questions, your chances of choosing the correct answer are high enough here that it may be appropriate to guess. Say you have a set of 15 questions where you guess after eliminating two choices (leaving you with three answer choices per question). With random guessing, this gives you a net total of 2.5 points (five questions correct, 10 incorrect; 5 - (0.25 x 10) = 2.5). Even if you don’t do quite that well and end up getting one more question wrong and one less right, that still gives you 4 - (0.25 x ) = 1.25 points earned. Of the answer choices you have left in this scenario, try to guess randomly. It can still be risky to guess here because we're assuming that all the answer choices you eliminated are definitely incorrect. However, if you have done your homework on the SAT and are familiar with strategies for eliminating incorrect answers, you should be good to go. Additional Note: If you take a practice test, I would recommend marking all the questions you guessed on so that you can later evaluate the success of your guessing strategies. This will also prevent you from just ignoring questions you got right by chance, which you should still revisit if you don't understand the material. Summary While these tests seem to have a lot of questions in a short amount of time, you'll definitely be able to get to all of them if you study effectively. Prep with high quality materials and train yourself in time management and pacing, the same way you would as an athlete. Taking two or three subject tests in one day may sound tough, but a lot of students actually get into a highly focused zone and feed off the energy of the challenge. Be strategic about how you schedule your tests, but remember you can always take the subject tests again if need be- most colleges will take your highest scores. Click here to learn about when you should take the SAT Subject Tests in and around the general SAT and all your other tests and finals. What's Next? Now that you're familiar with the length of the subject tests, how can you decide which subject tests to take? This article will help you choose which subject test is best for you. Are you also taking the SAT? Just like with the subject tests, it's vital to know the format and timing of the SAT. Click here to learn about the SAT and how you can manage your time during this long test. Also, check out our famous guide to how you can score a perfect SAT score. Are you more interested in the ACT? Read about how long it is and how you can pace yourself throughout the different sections. Then read about what a good ACT score for you is. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Victim Advocacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Victim Advocacy - Essay Example The need for such profile of the victim arose and its utility was realized when the investigation teams had to solve the cases of serial criminals. The development of the profile of the potential victims on the basis of the existing victim's information helped to trace the serial criminals. However, this strategy is now not restricted to the serial crimes only, rather a separate field of studies has been developed to work on the matter; this field is termed as 'victimology'. "The scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system -- that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials -- and the connections between victims and other societal groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements." (Karmen) The concept of victim dates back to ancient cultures and civilizations. Its original meaning was rooted in the exercise of sacrifice -- the taking of the life of a person or animal to satisfy a deity. (Karmen) Before 1940's, as mentioned earlier, the criminology and the crime investigation had total focus of research and academic analysis on the criminals, victims had no significant place in the investigation. However, the field of criminology gave birth to victimology when Mendelson and Von Hentig started studying the victims of the crime as well, since were of the view that like criminals, the victims should also be the integral part of such analysis. These two are know as the father of the study of Victimology. (Roberson) Mendelson asserted that victims had an "unconscious aptitude for being victimized." (Roberson, 1994) Von Hentig published an article in 1941 with the title "Remarks on the Interaction between Perpetrator and Victim" (Hentig). Later on, he published "The Criminal and his Victim", a textbook on criminology in which he wrote a chapter about the victim (Hentig). He treated the victim as one of the participants in a crime. The term victimology was evolved by Mendelsohn in 1947 in a paper presented in French at a congress in Bucharest. Another significant contribution in the development of the field of Victimology as a separate discipline of studies is by S. Schafer who published in 1968 a remarkable book on the subject entitled "The Victim and his Criminal; a study into functional responsibility" It was the result of all these efforts that victimology evolved as a separate branch of studies in 1970's and is now progressing by leaps and bounds. Difference between Victimology, Criminology, Sociology and Psychology: Before moving on to the differences, one must be clear about respective definitions since they form the basis for difference. Criminology is the scientific study of the crime. Sociology is the study of the individuals, groups and institutions

Propaganda Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Propaganda - Assignment Example Posters have been used as an informative or propaganda means for a very long time. They have been advancing with the advancement in technology. This advancement has been majorly structural and appearance in form of colour and shape but the purpose remains informational conveyance. (b) Introduction: This paper is going to give the full meaning of the term propaganda and its importance in the society. The term propaganda refers to the different means used by media and other informative systems in informing about different emerging issues. These issues might be pertaining to fields such as politics, education, economic development, agricultural field, industrial development, environmental conservation, energy conservation and other lively related fields. The use of propaganda started a long time ago but has been undergoing evolution as technology advances and modernity takes over. In this section, the paper would be giving samples of posters developed with a purpose of informing people about six main fields in human life. This paper would then give a brief explanation as to how these types of posters have undergone structural change as they retain their purpose and theme in human life. Therefore this paper would look at five different posters and the historical context under which each of these posters was created. It would further look at how politics and culture of people has influenced them. In addition to that, the ways in which each poster is set to meet its intended purpose as based on the targeted audience. (c) Different types of posters and the message they convey to the society (a) The poster above is a poster on fighting pollution in the society. It is a hand designed poster as from its look. It is a type of poster that is linked with the 1920s. During this time, the world had undergone less advancement in technological field. When this poster is presented in a new form of the present generation where technology is exclusively used, it would be structura lly improved. This structural improvement would be from a hand drawing into a photo taken picture with at least a digital camera recorder. If not in form of a photo, it would take the form of mobile pictures where human being should be associated in the picture. Nowadays, if a poster on fighting pollution should be produced, then it should show an illustration of the effects of pollution on the environment. Culturally, people who are the main preservers of the environment from pollution should also be included. This is the political and cultural effects that politics would have on the poster above. The main reason is to make clear and sure that the theme of the poster is well conveyed to the society which is the intended audience. (b) The above poster is a poster created in the new generation of 21 century with fine artists showing out their talent. It is a politics related politics and that is a reason why the term â€Å"HOPE† is included to encourage people on choosing the person on the poster during election (Stromquist, 2008). Therefore, despite the fact that the poster was meant to be coloured, the whitish colour was intentionally put in to show peace and purity. In the new generation where most of the youths are unemployed despite their good talent and thus they require employment opportunities. Therefore, the

How to Be A Good Student Essay -- Teaching Public Schools

How to Be A Good Student To become a success in life, we all need to learn to become a good student in every aspect of life. Becoming a good student takes much work and self-discipline. There are many ways that a student can stand out from the rest of the class. These good students are distinguished by their attitude, intellectual skills, consciousness, and achievement. Attitude is primarily a genuine desire to learn and the will to do hard academic work to achieve understanding. It is also shown by how well you apply yourself even to subjects in which you have little interest and how much you can achieve even when a teacher’s style is not what you are used to. Also attitude can change the way you percieveperceive things and make you want to either quit or do better. Havin...

Atomic Threat: New Weapon of the 1940s

What follows will be a brief summary and review of three books concerning the advent of the atomic bomb, its use on Japan, the politics and diplomacy involved   and the effects that Truman and his cabinet suspected that the bomb would have on future wars and future politics.   Three authors, Gar Alperoitz, Herbert Feis and J. Samuel Walker present similar information about the development and use of the atomic bomb and the concerns that those few politicians with intimate knowledge of the bomb suspected its existence would have on future global politics. The authors speak from different perspectives and yet at points provide strikingly similar details about the events surrounding the development of the bomb.   While all three authors focus on the development and use of the bomb, each approaches the subject from a slightly different perspective.   Alperovitz focuses on diplomacy with Stalin, Walker focuses on the situation in Japan and Feis pays more attention to those involved with the development of the bomb, both politicians and scientists.   We will begin our considerations of these different approaches with Alperovitz's focus on the effects the bomb had on diplomacy and move on from there. Alperovitz book consists of a long 60 page introduction, eight chapters and four appendices describing the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union prior to and after the advent of the bomb.   He begins with Truman's concerns about the Russians when he took over from FDR. As he prepared for his first meeting with a USSR representative Truman declared that â€Å"if the Russians did not care to cooperate, ‘they could go to hell.'† A few hours later, the President expressed the same view to Soviet Foreign Minister V. M. Molotov in rather undiplomatic terms. Truman desired to continue FDR's policy of cooperation with the Russians, but his attitude when he spoke the above words were not the result of a moment's flash of temper. Problems were developing over the USSR's dealings with Poland.   Alperovitz's primary argument that the bomb had a very significant influence on American views of diplomacy with the USSR long before the bomb. The bomb was inextricably bound with Truman's strategy at Potsdam in July 1945 and â€Å"was regarded as a ‘master card' of diplomacy.† (Alperovitz, p. 1)   Alperovitz states that â€Å"†¦a major reason the bomb was used was ‘to make Russia more manageable†¦.† (Alperovitz, p. 1).   Touched upon the impact of nuclear weapons on the beginning of the Cold War. â€Å"In August 1945, Eisenhower felt that ‘before the atom bomb was used, I would have said yes, I was sure we could keep peace with Russia. Now, I don't know†¦People are frightened and disturbed all over. Everyone feels insecure again.† (Alperovitz, p. 2)   Truman and some members of his cabinet believed that Russia was attempting to dominate Eastern Europe so concerns over Poland had been chosen as a symbolic issue to force a showdown with Stalin because of Truman's concern that Stalin was had plans for all of Eastern and Central Europe.   (Alperovitz, p. 70)  Ã‚   Secretary Forrestal stated, â€Å"This difficulty over Poland could not be treated as an isolated incident.† (Alperovitz, p. 70) â€Å"Forrestal argued: ‘We had better have a showdown with them now rather than later.'† (Alperovitz, p. 70) On the surface, this showdown strategy seemed to have been a complete reversal of FDR's policy only a few weeks earlier. There were three major obstacles to Truman's firm, showdown approach. First, FDR appeared to have had a strong belief that cooperation with Russia was possible. Second was the concern that American-Soviet cooperation might be destroyed and that a separate peace accord between Germany and the USSR might be signed, a concern that was eliminated when the German government collapsed. The third concern was that a showdown with Russia might result in the loss of Soviet help in the war against Japan. While Truman's approach was one of an immediate showdown with Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill took a different approach. â€Å"He believed it might be possible to obtain additional concessions from the Russians if he could maintain the extended troop positions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  rather than withdrawing Anglo-American troops as General Eisenhower had proposed. (Alperovitz, p. 90) Churchill was prepared to use any argument at his disposal to persuade Truman to his point. Churchill cabled Truman, â€Å"‘The Russian occupational zone has the smallest proportion of people and grows by far the largest proportion of food†¦Before we move from the tactical positions we have at present achieved,' the Russians should be forced to agree that ‘the feeding of the German population must be treated as a whole and that the available supplies must be divided pro rata between the occupational zones.'† (Alperovitz, p. 91) When Truman took up the issue with his Joint Chiefs of Staff for advice, they were unwilling to use troop positions for political purposes. Even though Truman recognized that the Russians were in a strong position, he followed the showdown on Poland with a firm approach to the problem of cooperation in Central Europe. (Alperovitz, p. 93) Truman's joint action with Churchill stressed his willingness to present a united Anglo-American stand against Russia. Like General Eisenhower, various military authorities believed that this approach to the troop issue would yield negative results. By mid-May 1945, Truman's plan for cooperative control of Central Europe was faced with a direct challenge. On April 24 1945, one day after President Truman had a showdown with Molotov, Secretary of War Stimson wrote President Truman stating, â€Å"(The atomic bomb) has such a bearing on our present foreign relations and such an important effect upon all my thinking in this field that I think you should know about it without further delay.† (Alperovitz, pp. 103-04) Up to this point, President was apparently unaware of the bomb. Stimson had casually mentioned to Truman about an â€Å"immense project†¦(that) was under way–a project looking to the development of a new explosive of almost unbelievable destructive power,† Stimson had felt no compelling reason or need to fully discuss the matter with President Truman up to that time until after the showdown with Molotov. (Alperovitz, p. 104) Secretary Stimson discussed the atomic bomb with the President for three quarters of an hour and it was â€Å"assumed–not decided–that the bomb would be used.† Truman was made aware that Japan had been the target of the weapon development program and that a special Air Force group was about to leave for its overseas base. Although Stimson expressed confidence that the bomb would shorten the war, the use of the bomb against Japan was not main subject of discussion. The diplomatic implications of the atomic bomb dominated private discussion between Stimson and Truman during the last week of April and the first week of May, 1945. President Truman eventually came to agree that the atomic bomb would have decisive implications for diplomacy with Russia. By shortly after April 25, 1945, British representatives knew that a committee would be set up â€Å"to consider the whole ranged of political issues which will arise in connection with the atomic bomb.† (Alperovitz, p. 110) News of the atomic bomb first came to the average American and to most senior government officials from the newspapers. The weapon's power was disclosed in a way that produced great emotion and optimism about its usefulness as an instrument of high policy. (Alperovitz, p. 237) On August 16, 1945, after the bomb was used and the war ended, Truman told the press, that â€Å"Japan would not be divided into occupation zones, and declared †¦that as far as Japan was concerned, ‘in the event of any difference of opinion (among the Allied powers) the policies of the United States will govern.† (Alperovitz, p. 240) The atomic bomb had strengthened the American hand in diplomacy. In the â€Å"whirlwind days† â€Å"immediately after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, American diplomacy changed†¦swiftly.† Secretary Byrnes underscored the breadth and scope of the departures from typical diplomacy by saying, â€Å"Those†¦days†¦were full of action.† The sheer volume of work caused the Secretary of State to ask that the London foreign ministers' meeting set for September 1 be postponed until September 10.† (Alperovitz, p. 243). Truman declared: â€Å"The atomic bomb is too dangerous to be loose in a lawless world†¦We must constitute ourselves trustees of this new force†¦The best interests of the United States require the utmost cooperation by all concerned in keeping secret now and for all time in the future all scientific and technical information†¦.† (Alperovitz, p. 243) One week later, Truman directed that no information on the nuclear development project be released without the specific approval of the President. (Alperovitz, p. 243) Alperovitz clearly points out that the atomic bomb and the temporary American monopoly in possessing the bomb was viewed as a â€Å"great advantage to American diplomacy. In (Secretary Byrnes') view, the ‘primary task was to establish a â€Å"lasting structure of peace†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A stable Europe, essential to world peace and American security alike, was the number-one goal. Byrnes believed that the nuclear monopoly could be maintained for at least seven years†¦within that period, with the support of the revolutionary weapon, his diplomacy could easily achieve its idealistic objectives. Thus, the weapon seemed a crucial factor in forcing agreement to an American plan for permanent peace–a plan which, ipso facto, would prevent another world war.† (Alperovitz, p. 245) Alperovitz goes on to add that Byrnes vision â€Å"obviated the danger of an arms race.† (Alperovitz, p. 245) History has shown that Byrnes was clearly wrong. Not only did the atomic bomb fail to eliminate the arms race, but it seems to have added to the race tremendously, but with all that was at stake, the bomb made going to war a much more risky proposition than it had been in the past. J. Samuel Walker's book â€Å"Prompt and Utter Destruction† focused on another aspect of the new weapon. Walker notes in his preface that, â€Å"The question of why President Truman used atomic bombs against Japan has intrigued me since I was an undergraduate history major. Indeed, it was the first issue in which the competing arguments of different scholars caught my interest†¦.† (Walker, p. ix) This statement in his preface sets up the direction for his book. Walker states, â€Å"In fact†¦Truman never faced a categorical choice between the bomb and an invasion that would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives†¦the prevailing perception (about the president's alternatives) vastly oversimplifies the situation in the summer of 1945†¦.† (Walker, p. 5) Walker points out 1) that there were other available options for a â€Å"reasonably short time† end to the war without resorting to the bomb, 2) Truman and his key advisers believed that Japan was so weak that the war could end even before an invasion began and 3) American military planners believed that even in a worst case scenario, American casualties would be far fewer than the hundreds of thousands Truman and his advisers claimed after the war. So, â€Å"Was the use of the bomb necessary at all† and if so, 2) â€Å"What exactly did it accomplish?† Walker begins by taking a look at the President. Truman won greater affection and esteem from the American people after his presidency and after he died than he had while president. He was honest, often indiscreet and blunt and needlessly offensive and â€Å"his decisiveness could lead to superficial or impulsive judgments.† (p. 7) The world was embroiled in a global war that made his arrival into the Oval Office a period of extraordinarily difficult problems and, even though he had been vice president, he came to the White House without adequate preparation. Indeed, he began his turn at the helm basically â€Å"in the dark about many of his predecessor's policies and commitments†¦.† (Walker, p. 9) The one fundamental military strategy from Roosevelt that seemed clear to Truman was his predecessor's desire â€Å"to achieve complete victory at the lowest cost in American lives.† (Walker, p. 9) After October 1941, President Roosevelt authorized a major effort to explore the feasibility of an atomic bomb. The Manhattan project began with the purpose of addressing the â€Å"bewildering variety† of scientific and engineering uncertainties connected with nuclear energy and the bomb. Once scientists had proven that a nuclear chain reaction was possible, the Manhattan Project focused on designing a bomb and producing the fuel to make it work. All of this was kept secret from Vice President Truman, so when he suddenly became President, he knew virtually nothing about the Manhattan Project or the bomb even though he had learned of â€Å"a massive and highly secret effort to build a new weapon† while he was chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program in the Senate. However, while serving as a senator he did not receive any details. Secretary Stimson confirmed and elaborated information about the bomb to the President in a meeting on April 25, 1945, but Secretary Stimson warned, â€Å"the existence of such a weapon would create profound problems because the United States would not be able to maintain a monopoly on the technology. Further, the issue of sharing information about the atomic bomb would become ‘a primary question of our foreign relations.† (Walker, p. 13) When Truman took office, he was outraged by the Soviet conduct in Poland, but he did not want to ruin the relatively good relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, less than a month after Truman became president, but the war in Japan raged on. Americans were still upset about the attack on Pearl Harbor and had also become outraged when the U.S. government learned about how the Japanese mistreated American prisoners and released that information to the public and the Japanese were equally as disdainful of Americans thanks to the â€Å"warped stereotypes† Japanese leaders painted of Americans during the war. So, the Americans fought a â€Å"war without mercy in Japan. (Walker, p. 23) Even though the Japanese people were losing confidence in their leaders and public morale was deteriorating, the fact that Japan was on the verge of defeat did not mean that the country was on the verge of surrender. By the end of June 1945, both American and Japanese leaders, including Japan's emperor, as well as the Japanese people realized that the war would end in Japan's defeat.   On June 17, 1945, President Truman wrote in his diary that deciding between invading Japan and relying solely on bombing and blockade to end the war was his â€Å"hardest decision to date.† ( Walker, p. 35) Advisers in the Truman administration realized that â€Å"‘there was a large submerged class in Japan' that did not favor the war but would ‘fight tenaciously' for their homeland.† In a meeting on June 18, 1945, Secretary Stimson hinted that he â€Å"thought the war might end by some other means, though at this time he did not specify what the alternatives were.† (Walker, p. 37) Meanwhile, although there were some proponents who were in favor of moderating the stance for Japan's unconditional surrender, the prevailing attitude in the United States as a whole was for the unconditional surrender of Japan. By July 13, 1945, it was clear that America's demand for an unconditional surrender was the main obstacle to a settlement. So, despite the mutual desires of the American people and the Japanese people for peace and the leaders of both countries faced the same obstacle–unconditional surrender. President Truman faced choices as to how to overcome this dilemma. There were three choices, including invasions with the potentially high costs. A fourth alternative also existed, the atomic bomb. Truman and his advisers proceeded with their planning as if the bomb didn't exist because the bomb had not been tested successfully, but those in the administration who knew about the bomb hoped that a successful test would lead to their goal of ending the war at a lower cost than the alternatives. Final preparations for the atomic test, named â€Å"Trinity† proceeded amid strain, excitement, uncertainty and ominous weather forecasts, but at 8:00 AM on July 16, 1945, Secretary Stimson receive news of the successful test of the bomb. President Truman was delighted when he heard the news. Secretary Byrnes was committed to the belief that the bomb would be an instrument to advance American diplomacy, particularly in light of growing differences with the Soviet Union. On the diplomatic front, Truman took his cue from Secretary Byrnes and agreed that the bomb would serve as a valuable tool for diplomacy. Ultimately, it appears that Truman used the bomb â€Å"because he had no compelling reason to avoid using it.† (Walker, p. 95) American leaders had assumed that the bomb would be used when available and there were no military, diplomatic, political, or moral considerations contrary to that assumption. Diplomatically, it placed America in a stronger position with the Soviets and it was politically popular as a means in ending the war quickly as opposed to the dire prospects of victory without the bomb. Herbert Feis opens his work by considering how the war could be ended. In May 1945 the war in Europe was over and Japan fought alone. Japanese life and production was being â€Å"smashed and burned†. The question was, â€Å"How could (the war) be ended surely and quickly?† (Feis, p. 3) â€Å"The obvious and perhaps most certain was was to beat down the Japanese until they could no longer fight on–by enlarging the assaults on Japan and Japanese armed forces wherever they could be reached†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Feis, p. 3) Another means was by inducement and a third, the most secret, was by shock. Each of these approaches could end the war or two or three of them could do so in combination. The end of the European war made American, British and Russian troops available for use in the Pacific. As for the war in the General Marshall felt â€Å"that the hope that air power alone would be able to drive Japan out of the war was unjustified; and that the task would be the more difficult there since the Japanese were scattered through mountainous country.† (Feis, p. 9) The U.S. had planned an invasion of Kyushu, but there were concerns that America could not go further and force its way upon Tokyo. (Feis, p. 11) The Joint Chiefs adopted strategic plans for the war in the Pacific on May 25, 1945. Those plans were approved by President Truman on June 18th, but those plans included the desire to have Russian forces enter the final assault with U.S. forces. General MacArthur emphatically stated to a visitor from the War Department that â€Å"no attempt ought to be made to invade Japan proper unless and until the Russian army had been previously committed to action in Manchuria; that he though this was essential, and should be brought about without†¦delay†¦.† President Truman's tone was stern. He felt that Japanese aggression against China, the Japanese assault upon America and the Japanese cruelties during the was warranted severity and he reaffirmed his intention to carry on the war â€Å"until the Japanese military and naval forces lay down their arms in unconditional surrender.† (Feis, p. 16) On the morning of May 28, 1945, President Truman was urged to try to induce the Japanese to surrender by dispelling the worst fears of the consequences. Secretary Stimson and General Marshall concluded that â€Å"the question of what to say to the Japanese and when to say it, should be governed by whether and when the United States had the atomic bomb.† (Feis, p. 19) Others in the cabinet did not believe that Japan would heed any warnings of surrender until the Japanese were more thoroughly beaten down. (Feis, p. 19) Although the prime incentive for making the bomb was the effort to defeat Germany (Feis, p. 28), the dimensions of creating the bomb became apparent and its creators were compelled to face the fact that the war against Germany might be over before the bomb was ready for use. The number of issues surrounding the creation of the bomb included what type of bomb to make. During the creation of the bomb, those in the Roosevelt administration who knew about it believed that knowledge needed to make the new weapon could be confined long enough as to allow the United States and Britain to secure an advantage that would keep the Soviet Union from being too pushy.   When Roosevelt died, Secretary Stimson lingered after the first Cabinet meeting to tell the new President briefly about the immense undertaking regarding the bomb of which the former vice president now president had no knowledge. As Truman learned more about the weapon with time, Truman began to recognize the enormous significance of the new weapon. The President accepted Secretary Stimson's belief that â€Å"†¦our leadership in the war and the development of this weapon has placed a certain moral responsibility upon us which we cannot shirk without very serious responsibility for any disaster to civilization which it would further.† (Feis, p. 38) When plans to use the bomb were considered, one consideration was to demonstrate the bomb's power before using it, but there were concerns against its use. The possibility that a country could assure its security by increasing its nuclear armaments (as was later the practice) was viewed to be invalid. It was felt that â€Å"the safety of all nations henceforth could be achieved only if they agreed to subject their activities in atomic energy to international control. However, the chance of bringing about such an agreement would be greatly lessened by the sudden and unannounced use of the weapon against Japan. Both the diplomatic and military value of the bomb spanned a wide range of concerns. Using the bomb against Japan faced a range of concerns as evidenced by the following statement: â€Å"†¦they range from the proposal of a purely technical demonstration to that of military application best designed to induce surrender. Those who advocate a purely technical demonstration of atomic weapons, and have feared that if they would wish to outlaw the use of atomic weapons, and have feared that if we use the weapons now our position in future negotiations will be prejudiced. Others emphasize the opportunity of saving American lives by immediate military use†¦.† (Feis, p. 54) Before using the new weapon, Americans were determined to continue their assault on Japan and officials in Washington were striving to compose a statement which would tell the Japanese how we intended to treat them once they surrendered.(Feis, p. 63) Feis considers issues not discussed by the other authors. He wonders, â€Å"Whether, if the United States had pledged itself as soon as the war was over to destroy the other bombs it had and dismantle the factories in which they were made other countries would have been willing to join with it in a trustworthy system of control of atomic energy, must remain forever a provocation to the speculative historian.: (Feis, p. 190) I could be biased by this, but I certainly enjoyed each of these books, however I must admit to a great interest in many aspects of World War II, including matters surrounding the atomic bomb.   These books covered an aspect of the war that took concerns of future wars to a new and frightening level and often placed the reader right in the thick of issues and diplomacy connected with the atomic bomb and other issues of the war.   All three books discuss the global atmosphere at the time of a world in turmoil at the end of World War II and the bomb's contribution that bringing that turmoil to an end, but at the same time, each of the books focus on aspects of the politics surrounding the bomb. All reveal the mutual suspicion and mistrust between Russia and her two strongest allies in the War, the U.S. and Britain.   They reveal how this mistrust played a role in the development, use and politics surrounding the bomb.   Each book portrays different details surrounding the development and use of the bomb.   Although or perhaps despite their different perspectives, all three books are interesting and had some surprizingly similar aspects.   Each author tells his story from a different perspective, each author outlines some aspects of their story with common events and from common perspectives. Alperovitz seems to focus a lot on Truman's concern regarding Stalin's desires for Poland and other areas of Eastern Europe.   Walker focused a great deal on events in the Pacific and Feis tended to concentrate much more of his focus on the development of the bomb.   Combined, these three books present an interesting and a more comprehensive look at how the bomb developed, its initial influence on diplomacy and how politicians felt that the existence of the bomb would impact future events in Europe. Each author tells an interesting and provacotive story with behind the scenes details from a different perspective and each author lays out interesting and compelling facts surrounding the concerns, suspicions and global politics between Russia and ther wartime allies, the United States and Great Britain.   I found each of them to be interesting and compelling reading. References Alperoitz, Gar (1965).   Atomic diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam; the use of the atomic bomb and the American confrontation with Soviet power .   New York, NY:   Simon and Schuster. Feis, Herbert (1966).   The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II.   Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. Walker,   J. Samuel   (1997).   Prompt and utter destruction : Truman and the use of atomic bombs against Japan.   Chapel Hill, NC:   University of North Carolina Press.